Month: January 2023

History of the national anthem

“March of the Volunteers” is the national anthem of the People’s Republic of China. It was originally the theme song of Sons and Daughters in a Time of Storm (1935), a movie about fighting against Japan Aggression and saving the country. The song was written by the noted poet Tian Han with music by the famous composer Nie Er (see note). The original story of Sons and Daughters in a Time of Storm was created by Tian. It depicts the heroic stories of young people marching to the front line to defend their country against Japanese occupation in the early 1930s.

The 1930s, which unveiled the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in the history of modern China, threw the entire Chinese nation into a life-and-death situation. On 18 September 1931, induced by the Japanese militarism, the Japanese Imperial Army launched an outrageous attack and occupied northeast China. This attack, which is later called the “Mukden Incident” provoked the strong resistance of the Chinese people. There were different sorts of campaigns against Japanese Aggression everywhere to call upon people to save the country. Tian Han and Nie Er’s “March of the Volunteers” was one of the songs to propagate the message of anti-aggression. With its strong regular rhythm and uplifting tune, the song captures the fearless and tenacious fighting spirit of the Chinese nation.

“March of the Volunteers” circulated extensively throughout the country after the movie Sons and Daughters in a Time of Storm premiered in May 1935. On 27 September 1949, the First Plenary Session of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference decided: Before the national anthem of the People’s Republic of China was formally formulated, “The March of Volunteers” composed by Tian Han and Nie Er was adopted as the provisional national anthem. On 1 October 1949, the Central People’s Government of the People’s Republic of China was established. At Tiananmen Square in Beijing, with the rise of the “Five-star Red Flag”, “March of the Volunteers” resonated for the first time at Tiananmen Square.

On 14 March 2004, the Tenth National People’s Congress passed the “Constitution (Amendment)” and added a paragraph to Article 136 of the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China, stipulating that “March of the Volunteers” shall be the national anthem of the People’s Republic of China.

On national anthem of hong kong , the Twenty-ninth Session of the Standing Committee of the Twelfth National People’s Congress passed the “National Anthem Law of the People’s Republic of China”, which took effect in the country from 1 October 2017. On 4 November 2017, the Thirtieth Session of the Standing Committee of the Twelfth National People’s Congress agreed to add the “National Anthem Law of the People’s Republic of China” to Annex III to the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China. In parallel, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) Government announced that, pursuant to Article 18 of the Basic Law, the “National Anthem Law of the People’s Republic of China” would be implemented in the HKSAR by way of local legislation consistent with the constitutional and legal regime of the HKSAR. On 4 June 2020, the National Anthem Bill was passed at Third Reading by the Legislative Council. On 11 June 2020, the Chief Executive signed the National Anthem Ordinance in accordance with Article 48(1)(3) of the Basic Law. The National Anthem Ordinance came into immediate effect on the next day, 12 June after it was being gazetted.

Note:
Music: Nie Er (1912-1935), formerly known as NieShouxin, was born in Kunming, Yunnan. As a teenager, he already showed a keen interest in music. He moved to Shanghai and wrote “March of the Volunteers”.

Lyrics: Tian Han (1898-1968), also named Shouchang, was born in Changsha, Hunan. He was a pioneer in modern drama and opera reform movement of China. He once studied in Japan.

Lyrics of “March of the Volunteers”(Audio track – Choir)

Arise, we who refuse to be slaves!
With our very flesh and blood,
Let us build our new Great Wall!
The peoples of China are at their most critical time,
Everybody must roar defiance.
Arise!
Arise!
Arise!
Millions of hearts with one mind, Brave the enemy’s gunfire,
March on!
Brave the enemy’s gunfire, March on!
March on!
March on, on!

The content of the lyrics which reflects that the country was in a grim situation. For example, the lines “Arise, we who refuse to be slaves!” and “Brave the enemy’s gunfire” imply that the nation was at war, while “The peoples of China are at their most critical time” and “Everybody must roar defiance” suggest that the nation was struggling for survival.

Musical features (Audio track – Instrumental)

“March of the Volunteers” is a march. The trumpet introduction imitates the sound of the bugle giving a strong sense of rhythm. Its musical features include:

a march in G major in duple time.
syllabic setting of the lyrics based on the rhythmic features of the song which creates an energetic mood.
the use of triplets in the introduction and the latter half of the song to enhance the expressiveness of the music.

When the national anthem is being played or sung, attendees should stand solemnly and deport themselves with dignity and behave in a way respectful to the national anthem.

Reference:

1. The Central People’s Government, the People’s Republic of China – National Anthem
2. The Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau – National Anthem

Slots and pokies are a number of the oldest gambling games in the modern world. They saw their beginnings at the start of the 20th century, and have attracted a vast audience since. Here is an overview of slot machine history and how they have developed over the years.

The first ever version of the slot machine game was seen in 1891. Pittman and Sachs created a machine with five drums, each showing poker hand symbols. When players would win at these games, the machine would not spend; rather, the bar housing them would provide players with drinks.

It might be four more years before Charles Fey would create the version of the slot machine game with which we have been most acquainted today. The device provided players with cash payouts when it revealed matching symbols. The popularity of these games caught on very quickly, until anti-gambling groups enacted a ban on slot machines in the first 20th century.

The ban only lasted a couple of years, and it wasn’t long before slots became popular again in casinos. It had been during the 1950s that slot machines started to become popular all over the world. In 1953, Australian gaming company Aristocrat took note of the new trend and decided to manufacture its own make of electronic gaming machines called pokies. The business’s first machine was called the ‘Clubman’.

Although it would be quite some time before we’d see online slots, casinos in Las Vegas started making electronic slots, moving away from the normal, mechanical slot games that had become popular through the years. These machines were more secure than mechanical slots and managed to get more difficult for individuals to cheat casinos. During this time period, electronic slots also saw the invention of the random number generator which made playing slots a lot more unpredictable.

Over the next few decades, slots would remain exactly the same. It wouldn’t be before turn of the Century that we begin seeing the advent of online slots. The first online slots games were seen around 2001, when the first internet casinos went live. Companies like Microgaming got on the floor floor, creating a few of the first online slot machines open to the public.

For situs slot online , slots have become many of the most popular games at online casinos, in addition to creating over 80% of land-based casino revenue. In the online world, players can find hundreds of different online slots games, a lot of which feature fun and inventive themes. Players are also able to find a wide range of branded and themed slots games, featuring innovative gaming technology.

Sports arbitrage betting shouldn’t be taken as gambling as so numerous folks believe. This specific competency is definitely typically the most productive associated with all because you quite much put the particular odds in your own favor. In fact, you will find sports betting sites that will demonstrate you how to use a little acknowledged arbitrage technique to get an above most return on your arbitrage bets. We dislike having to be able to pop their real estate, but they’re gambling and not making use of arbitrage. Read upon to learn more about this momentous system for winning when betting about sports.

Out of all the athletics betting systems, this particular one has to be the most effective route. Basically, how that works is you place two gamble with different sports bets sites. What you need to be able to find is two sites that have got different odds, next bet on either team to earn. When you get typically the odds right, it can pretty much uncertain for you to be able to lose. The bucks an individual win will sum to more as compared to the amount of money an individual will lose on the losing bet area. When betting similar to this it does not matter which group, group, or personal triumphs.

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Nowadays, there’s a heightened facility to be able to be able to ferret out plus take part in arbitrage wagering. It is possible thanks to the internet, which makes offered more online wagering sports betting occasions than you could imagine. Right now would likely be a wonderful time to find out about various arbitrage betting approaches from noted sports betting champion. The various tips and tactics possess been used to win large sums of cash. This had been done quickly making use of arbitrage betting software and other betting systems.

There a wide range of professional cleaning companies available in London these days. Several can provide a cleaning service although some decide to specialize in areas many of these as domestic cleaning, end of tenancy cleaning services as well as commercial cleaning.

Hiring a cleaning company in London can prove in order to be an extremely cost effective and cheap solution to get your current home, office or even specific item, such as a carpeting or upholstery, washed efficiently.

Many washing companies provide washing services throughout Increased and Central London: South West Greater london, East, North Western London, West in addition to South East Birmingham. They will cover Middlesex, Essex, Kent, Sussex and Kingston.

Right here are some in the more specialised regions of cleaning:

Carpet Cleaning
When you will understand, it is effortless to spill a number of distinct substances on your carpeting and there is definitely also the deep-seated dirt and dirt that can be hard to get out. When you require your current home or office carpets to be cleaned thoroughly, in that case highly trained carpet purifiers and steam professionals can come , thank goodness with their modern carpet cleaning techniques.

Domestic Washing
In this particular fast paced grow older, it’s easy in order to get behind upon all those essential household tasks for instance dusting the house; the bathroom and cooking area proving especially demanding tasks, not to be able to mention the clean up and ironing. Domestic cleaning services can be found in London to aid you out with all these house tasks.

Office Cleaning
Specialist contract cleaners can clean offices and even office buildings for your business of all dimensions. From basic everyday tasks such as office hygiene in kitchen and washroom facilities to the attention of windows, surfaces and the carpets and rugs; office cleaners can easily clean the lot.

Rug Cleaning
Rug cleaning specialists can also become hired to get care of virtually any rugs that want cleaning. Whether it is the Oriental rug of which needs to end up being delicately handled, or even an antique carpet, the most suitable method for of which type of area rug works extremely well effectively by simply a carpet cleaning service service.

Mattress Washing
It is important to sleeping within a really clean and hygienic bed, however, these days men and women rarely clean their very own mattresses, allowing dust particles mites and microorganisms to thrive. This particular can be detrimental, so regular mattress cleaning services can easily brush your mattress intended for you, getting out of the relationship to have many a great night’s sleep.

office cleaning can be obtained to provide a range of local cleaning services in order to clients, usually local cleaning services to many of these as well seeing that commercial companies. Cleaning Agencies may be hired to clean a residence or office; to an exceptionally high standard.

Cleaning Companies in London
In case your home or even office needs a good clean, possibly on an one-off cleaning or in a regular foundation, you may hire a professional domestic cleaning company to meet your requirements. The particular flexible range of services a London cleaning company provides can easily be relied after to effectively clear your living or working environment to the complete satisfaction.

Stop of Tenancy Cleaning up
This is a specialised deep-cleaning support that may be utilised to be able to clean any hired home ready for brand new tenants to move in, or to obtain the place looking clean and tidy again in order to claim back your own deposit. Either method, these cleaning sites can sanitise the particular property and make it look clean and enticing again.

Upholstery Washing
If your furniture upholstery and/or draperies are in want of a very good clean, there are services available that will can visit your home or office in London to provide the solution. Upholstery could be cleaned working with either the drenched or dry cleanup method which involves stain treatment.

Windows Cleanup
It will be relatively common to be able to find that your windows look dull, dirty and smudged. This particular can greatly impact the outside look at. Professional window washing services can guarantee every one of the accessible windows in your home or office are left glowing clean and smudge-free so you can appreciate the view when again.

Ironing and Washing
Have you ever desired you didn’t include to do just about all the washing plus ironing that seems to be continuously piling up? Even in case you just require a short break through these chores, domestic cleaning services are available in London that can take care of these responsibilities for an although. Professional London cleaning services can be employed on a standard or maybe monthly schedule for taking away the burden of those essential domestic tasks.

Right after Party Cleansing
When the party is finished sometimes the mess left over may be a real nightmare. By using these services typically the rubbish can be cleared, pots cleaned and the bathroom and even kitchen can end up being returned to normal for you.

After Builders Cleaning
The particular builders may have left, but typically the devastation forgotten in your home or even office can help to make you feel distraught. Cleaning services may remove all typically the leftover building dust and dirt ahead of cleaning, dusting in addition to scrubbing all the surfaces for you personally, making the area look habitable again.

Gathering Help
Cleaners is assistance at get-togethers; whether you need to have help with the cooking, serving drinks or perhaps the general cleansing – both prior to and after the event.

Sports betting provides excitement with every pitch and agony with each turnover. But for a novice gambler, understanding some of the terminology can be a barrier to obtaining in the game. Truly, sports betting is quick, and with a little standard explanation most of the lexicon is conveniently understood. There are basically four forms of bets: sides, totals, futures, and props. We will explain all of these and a bit much more.

Side Wagers
Side wagers are possibly the most widespread sports bet. Side wagers, also called straight wagers, are bets exactly where you choose a team to win. Side wagers have two variables – the pointspread and the moneyline. The pointspread is the number of points either added to the underdog score or subtracted from the favourite to decide irrespective of whether the bet wins or not. The moneyline describes how a great deal a winning bet pays the victor.

Sports like baseball are played virtually exclusively on the moneyline. In other words, the pointspread is assumed to be zero. Quite a few sportsbooks supply a runline, exactly where the pointspread is 1.5 runs, which means the favored has to win by two, not a single run. https://mtweek.com/%ec%82%ac%ec%84%a4%ed%86%a0%ed%86%a0/%eb%a8%b9%ed%8a%80%ea%b2%80%ec%a6%9d-%ec%9a%94%ec%b2%ad-%e3%80%90%ed%99%a9%eb%8b%b9-%ea%b2%b0%eb%a7%90-%ec%98%88%eb%b0%a9%e3%80%91-%ec%b5%9c%ec%86%8c%ed%95%9c-%eb%ba%8f%ea%b8%b0%ec%a7%84-%eb%a7%90/ and hockey are also hugely reliant on the moneyline.

Football and basketball use the pointspread to good extent. In contrast to baseball, the moneyline is generally fixed or only changes a little.

Total Wagers
Other than betting on a team to win — or cover the spread, you can bet on the total quantity of points/runs/scores in a sporting event. The sportsbook sets a totals which is just a number which they feel will create bets over and under the total. If you bet over, you are betting that the sum of the competitors scores will be larger than the total. Conversely, if you bet below, you are betting fewer points are scored than the total.

Futures
Sides and totals are out there for most conventional sporting events pitting Group A against Team B. But how does that operate for golf tournaments or nascar races? Tennis matches can be bet with sides, but how about predicting a tournament champion? Or betting on the eventual super Bowl champion? Bets with much more than 2 competitors are bet by futures. Every single solution has a moneyline associated with it to identify the payout – the longer the underdog the greater the return. If you can appropriately pick a longshot — and win — even a little bet can spend off several times more than.

Betting futures does have disadvantages. Very first, betting a future that requires a long time to resolve causes the stake (the quantity you wagered) to be unavailable for a lot of months. Also, futures have a tendency to either be longshots that spend out infrequently or favorites that have incredibly little reward tempting you to place a substantial wager. We all like to have wishful considering betting on your preferred group or players.

Props
For major sporting events prop wagers are frequently out there. Prop wagers are something that does not fit into the categories above. Contemplate props absolutely entertaining bets – the odds are normally awful and seldom any skill goes into the bet. The Superbowl every year has hundreds of potential prop bets ranging from the coin flip, to regardless of whether or not the game ends in overtime. Inbetween you bet on the teams and individual players. For example, the quantity of interceptions for the quarterback or the quantity of rushing yards for the running back.

Reside Betting
Some sophisticated sportsbooks are now supplying reside in-game betting. These are actually prop bets, but due to the fact the bets have an extremely brief duration (e.g. will a very first down be the outcome of the next play) they require their personal category.